Africa Net Zero Toolkit
This toolkit details domestic laws across Africa which regulate the establishment and operation of mitigation and adaptation projects as envisaged under the Paris Agreement.
Egypt
Egypt is a major country in the Middle East and the Arab world and one of the largest economies in Africa. The rule of law is enshrined in the 2014 Constitution. Any law, decree or regulation contradicting the Constitution shall be declared null and void by the Supreme Constitutional Court and inapplicable by the ordinary courts. Egypt functions under a Civil Law system and is predominantly influenced by the French civil code and the French judicial system.
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Nigeria
Nigeria’s Climate Change Act 2021 sets an ambitious target of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions between 2050-2070 and mandates the development of national climate change action plans. Nigeria’s energy sector is the main contributor to green-house gas emissions, accounting for 60% of emissions in 2018, from residential consumption, transportation, electricity generation and oil and gas. Agriculture, forestry, and land use contributes an estimated 25% of GHG emissions, waste contributes 9%, and industrial processes and product use contributes 6% of emissions.
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South Africa
South Africa is a sovereign and democratic state founded on the supremacy of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution) and the rule of law. Any law or conduct inconsistent with the Constitution is invalid, and the obligations imposed by it must be fulfilled. All mitigation and adaptation projects thus must be developed and operated in accordance with the Constitution and the laws that are promulgated in accordance with the framework created under it.
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Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania (“URT”) is in Eastern Africa. It is a union formed in 1964 by Tanganyika and Zanzibar. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the North, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the West and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the South and the Indian Ocean to the East. Zanzibar is a semiautonomous state that ceded some of its sovereignty to the URT but has its own government, legislature and judiciary and it is referred to as Zanzibar, while Tanganyika ceded its entire sovereignty to the Union and is referred to as Tanzania Mainland.
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